Angular Stomatitis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment

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Angular stomatitis, also known as perleche or angular cheilitis, is a common inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. Characterized by painful cracks and fissures, it can impact individuals of all ages. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for effective management.

Causes of Angular Stomatitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular stomatitis:

  • Infections: Fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans (yeast), and bacterial infections are common culprits.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B (especially B2, B3, B12), and folic acid can increase susceptibility.
  • Excessive Saliva: Conditions leading to excessive saliva production or drooling, such as ill-fitting dentures or thumb-sucking, can create a moist environment conducive to infection.
  • Irritation: Licking the lips frequently, using certain medications, or exposure to allergens can irritate the corners of the mouth.
  • Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more prone to infections.

Symptoms of Angular Stomatitis

The symptoms of angular stomatitis can range from mild discomfort to severe pain:

  • Cracks and Fissures: Painful cracks and fissures at the corners of the mouth are the hallmark symptom.
  • Redness and Inflammation: The affected areas often appear red and inflamed.
  • Scaling and Crusting: The skin around the corners of the mouth may become scaly and develop crusts.
  • Burning Sensation: A burning or itching sensation is common.
  • Pain: Pain can be exacerbated by eating, talking, or opening the mouth wide.

Treatment Options

The treatment for angular stomatitis depends on the underlying cause:

  1. Antifungal Medications: If a fungal infection is present, topical antifungal creams or ointments, such as clotrimazole or nystatin, are typically prescribed.
  2. Antibacterial Ointments: In cases of bacterial infection, antibacterial ointments like mupirocin may be used.
  3. Nutritional Supplements: Addressing nutritional deficiencies with iron, vitamin B, or folic acid supplements can aid healing.
  4. Barrier Creams: Applying barrier creams like zinc oxide can protect the affected areas from moisture and irritation.
  5. Denture Adjustment: For individuals with ill-fitting dentures, adjustments by a dentist are necessary to reduce saliva pooling.
  6. Good Oral Hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, is essential.

Prevention

Preventing angular stomatitis involves addressing risk factors:

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
  • Avoid excessive lip licking.
  • Ensure dentures fit properly.
  • Treat underlying medical conditions that may contribute to the condition.

Angular stomatitis can be a bothersome condition, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, relief is often attainable. If you suspect you have angular stomatitis, consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. Consider using a lip balm with SPF to protect your lips from sun and wind, which can exacerbate the condition. For persistent or recurring cases, further investigation into underlying causes may be necessary.